var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://api.zotero.org/users/3476755/collections/4R6FPLUM/items?key=ckhubDoO51X1cQZZ35NkGdxk&format=bibtex&limit=100\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"authorFirst\":\"1\",\"hidemenu\":\"true\",\"commas\":\"true\",\"sort\":\"author_short\",\"groupby\":\"\",\"filter\":\"authors:(Nakano|中野),keywords:^((?!wrongNakano).)*$\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Two Types of Endosymbiotic Bacteria in the Enigmatic Marine Worm <i>Xenoturbella bocki</i>\",\"volume\":\"76\",\"issn\":\"0099-2240, 1098-5336\",\"url\":\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09\",\"doi\":\"10.1128/AEM.01092-09\",\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACT Two types of endosymbiotic bacteria were identified in the gastrodermis of the marine invertebrate Xenoturbella bocki (Xenoturbellida, Bilateria). While previously described Chlamydia -like endosymbionts were rare, Gammaproteobacteria distantly related to other endosymbionts and pathogens were abundant. The endosymbionts should be considered when interpreting the poorly understood ecology and evolution of Xenoturbella .\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"8\",\"urldate\":\"2021-07-27\",\"journal\":\"Applied and Environmental Microbiology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kjeldsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kasper\",\"Urup\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Obst\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nakano\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hiroaki\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Funch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schramm\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andreas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"pages\":\"2657–2662\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kjeldsen_two_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Two {Types} of {Endosymbiotic} {Bacteria} in the {Enigmatic} {Marine} {Worm} \\\\textit{{Xenoturbella} bocki}},\\n\\tvolume = {76},\\n\\tissn = {0099-2240, 1098-5336},\\n\\turl = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1128/AEM.01092-09},\\n\\tabstract = {ABSTRACT\\n            \\n              Two types of endosymbiotic bacteria were identified in the gastrodermis of the marine invertebrate\\n              Xenoturbella\\n              bocki\\n              (Xenoturbellida, Bilateria). While previously described\\n              Chlamydia\\n              -like endosymbionts were rare,\\n              Gammaproteobacteria\\n              distantly related to other endosymbionts and pathogens were abundant. The endosymbionts should be considered when interpreting the poorly understood ecology and evolution of\\n              Xenoturbella\\n              .},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {8},\\n\\turldate = {2021-07-27},\\n\\tjournal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},\\n\\tauthor = {Kjeldsen, Kasper Urup and Obst, Matthias and Nakano, Hiroaki and Funch, Peter and Schramm, Andreas},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpages = {2657--2662},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kjeldsen, K. U.\",\"Obst, M.\",\"Nakano, H.\",\"Funch, P.\",\"Schramm, A.\"],\"key\":\"kjeldsen_two_2010\",\"id\":\"kjeldsen_two_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kjeldsen-obst-nakano-funch-schramm-twotypesofendosymbioticbacteriaintheenigmaticmarinewormixenoturbellabockii-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"nakano, h\":\"https://www.shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp/staff_nakano.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes: insights from <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i> and <i>Xenoturbella bocki</i>\",\"volume\":\"213\",\"issn\":\"1477-9145, 0022-0949\",\"shorttitle\":\"Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes\",\"url\":\"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal\",\"doi\":\"10.1242/jeb.042374\",\"abstract\":\"SUMMARY Serotonin (5-HT), an important molecule in metazoans, is involved in a range of biological processes including neurotransmission and neuromodulation. Both its creation and release are tightly regulated, as is its removal. Multiple neurochemical pathways are responsible for the catabolism of 5-HT and are phyla specific; therefore, by elucidating these catabolic pathways we glean greater understanding of the relationships and origins of various transmitter systems. Here, 5-HT catabolic pathways were studied in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Xenoturbella bocki, two organisms occupying distinct positions in deuterostomes. The 5-HT-related compounds detected in these organisms were compared with those reported in other phyla. In S. purpuratus, 5-HT-related metabolites include N-acetyl serotonin, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid; the quantity and type were found to vary based on the specific tissues analyzed. In addition to these compounds, varying levels of tryptamine were also seen. Upon addition of a 5-HT precursor and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 5-HT itself was detected. In similar experiments using X. bocki tissues, the 5-HT-related compounds found included 5-HT sulfate, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, as well as 5-HT and tryptamine. The sea urchin metabolizes 5-HT in a manner similar to both gastropod mollusks, as evidenced by the detection of γ-glutamyl-serotonin, and vertebrates, as indicated by the presence of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and N-acetyl serotonin. In contrast, 5-HT metabolism in X. bocki appears more similar to common protostome 5-HT catabolic pathways.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"15\",\"urldate\":\"2021-07-27\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Experimental Biology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Squires\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Leah\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rubakhin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stanislav\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wadhams\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andinet\",\"Amare\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Talbot\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kristen\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nakano\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hiroaki\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Moroz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Leonid\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sweedler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jonathan\",\"V.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"pages\":\"2647–2654\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{squires_serotonin_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes: insights from \\\\textit{{Strongylocentrotus} purpuratus} and \\\\textit{{Xenoturbella} bocki}},\\n\\tvolume = {213},\\n\\tissn = {1477-9145, 0022-0949},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes},\\n\\turl = {https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1242/jeb.042374},\\n\\tabstract = {SUMMARY\\n            Serotonin (5-HT), an important molecule in metazoans, is involved in a range of biological processes including neurotransmission and neuromodulation. Both its creation and release are tightly regulated, as is its removal. Multiple neurochemical pathways are responsible for the catabolism of 5-HT and are phyla specific; therefore, by elucidating these catabolic pathways we glean greater understanding of the relationships and origins of various transmitter systems. Here, 5-HT catabolic pathways were studied in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Xenoturbella bocki, two organisms occupying distinct positions in deuterostomes. The 5-HT-related compounds detected in these organisms were compared with those reported in other phyla. In S. purpuratus, 5-HT-related metabolites include N-acetyl serotonin, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid; the quantity and type were found to vary based on the specific tissues analyzed. In addition to these compounds, varying levels of tryptamine were also seen. Upon addition of a 5-HT precursor and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 5-HT itself was detected. In similar experiments using X. bocki tissues, the 5-HT-related compounds found included 5-HT sulfate, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, as well as 5-HT and tryptamine. The sea urchin metabolizes 5-HT in a manner similar to both gastropod mollusks, as evidenced by the detection of γ-glutamyl-serotonin, and vertebrates, as indicated by the presence of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and N-acetyl serotonin. In contrast, 5-HT metabolism in X. bocki appears more similar to common protostome 5-HT catabolic pathways.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {15},\\n\\turldate = {2021-07-27},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},\\n\\tauthor = {Squires, Leah N. and Rubakhin, Stanislav S. and Wadhams, Andinet Amare and Talbot, Kristen N. and Nakano, Hiroaki and Moroz, Leonid L. and Sweedler, Jonathan V.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tpages = {2647--2654},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Squires, L. N.\",\"Rubakhin, S. S.\",\"Wadhams, A. A.\",\"Talbot, K. N.\",\"Nakano, H.\",\"Moroz, L. L.\",\"Sweedler, J. V.\"],\"key\":\"squires_serotonin_2010\",\"id\":\"squires_serotonin_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"nakano, h\":\"https://www.shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp/staff_nakano.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"nakano, h\",\"authorlinks\":{\"nakano, h\":\"https://www.shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp/staff_nakano.html\"}},\n      ownerID: \"Hn7fQPY9JifhKoLvg\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script 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href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,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\">\n 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U., Obst, M., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp/staff_nakano.html\">Nakano, H.</a>, Funch, P.,  &amp; Schramm, A.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kjeldsen-obst-nakano-funch-schramm-twotypesofendosymbioticbacteriaintheenigmaticmarinewormixenoturbellabockii-2010', 'https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09', event);\">\n    Two Types of Endosymbiotic Bacteria in the Enigmatic Marine Worm <i>Xenoturbella bocki</i>.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</i>, 76(8): 2657–2662. April 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kjeldsen-obst-nakano-funch-schramm-twotypesofendosymbioticbacteriaintheenigmaticmarinewormixenoturbellabockii-2010', 'https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Two Types of Endosymbiotic Bacteria in the Enigmatic Marine Worm &lt;i&gt;Xenoturbella bocki&lt;/i&gt; [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01092-09\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kjeldsen-obst-nakano-funch-schramm-twotypesofendosymbioticbacteriaintheenigmaticmarinewormixenoturbellabockii-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01092-09', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kjeldsen-obst-nakano-funch-schramm-twotypesofendosymbioticbacteriaintheenigmaticmarinewormixenoturbellabockii-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kjeldsen-obst-nakano-funch-schramm-twotypesofendosymbioticbacteriaintheenigmaticmarinewormixenoturbellabockii-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kjeldsen_two_2010,\n\ttitle = {Two {Types} of {Endosymbiotic} {Bacteria} in the {Enigmatic} {Marine} {Worm} \\textit{{Xenoturbella} bocki}},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {0099-2240, 1098-5336},\n\turl = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01092-09},\n\tdoi = {10.1128/AEM.01092-09},\n\tabstract = {ABSTRACT\n            \n              Two types of endosymbiotic bacteria were identified in the gastrodermis of the marine invertebrate\n              Xenoturbella\n              bocki\n              (Xenoturbellida, Bilateria). While previously described\n              Chlamydia\n              -like endosymbionts were rare,\n              Gammaproteobacteria\n              distantly related to other endosymbionts and pathogens were abundant. The endosymbionts should be considered when interpreting the poorly understood ecology and evolution of\n              Xenoturbella\n              .},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},\n\tauthor = {Kjeldsen, Kasper Urup and Obst, Matthias and Nakano, Hiroaki and Funch, Peter and Schramm, Andreas},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {2657--2662},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  ABSTRACT Two types of endosymbiotic bacteria were identified in the gastrodermis of the marine invertebrate Xenoturbella bocki (Xenoturbellida, Bilateria). While previously described Chlamydia -like endosymbionts were rare, Gammaproteobacteria distantly related to other endosymbionts and pathogens were abundant. The endosymbionts should be considered when interpreting the poorly understood ecology and evolution of Xenoturbella .\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Squires, L. N., Rubakhin, S. S., Wadhams, A. A., Talbot, K. N., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://www.shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp/staff_nakano.html\">Nakano, H.</a>, Moroz, L. L.,  &amp; Sweedler, J. V.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010', 'https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal', event);\">\n    Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes: insights from <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i> and <i>Xenoturbella bocki</i>.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>, 213(15): 2647–2654. August 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010', 'https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes: insights from &lt;i&gt;Strongylocentrotus purpuratus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Xenoturbella bocki&lt;/i&gt; [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.042374\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.042374', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('squires-rubakhin-wadhams-talbot-nakano-moroz-sweedler-serotoninanditsmetabolisminbasaldeuterostomesinsightsfromistrongylocentrotuspurpuratusiandixenoturbellabockii-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{squires_serotonin_2010,\n\ttitle = {Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes: insights from \\textit{{Strongylocentrotus} purpuratus} and \\textit{{Xenoturbella} bocki}},\n\tvolume = {213},\n\tissn = {1477-9145, 0022-0949},\n\tshorttitle = {Serotonin and its metabolism in basal deuterostomes},\n\turl = {https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/213/15/2647/9729/Serotonin-and-its-metabolism-in-basal},\n\tdoi = {10.1242/jeb.042374},\n\tabstract = {SUMMARY\n            Serotonin (5-HT), an important molecule in metazoans, is involved in a range of biological processes including neurotransmission and neuromodulation. Both its creation and release are tightly regulated, as is its removal. Multiple neurochemical pathways are responsible for the catabolism of 5-HT and are phyla specific; therefore, by elucidating these catabolic pathways we glean greater understanding of the relationships and origins of various transmitter systems. Here, 5-HT catabolic pathways were studied in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Xenoturbella bocki, two organisms occupying distinct positions in deuterostomes. The 5-HT-related compounds detected in these organisms were compared with those reported in other phyla. In S. purpuratus, 5-HT-related metabolites include N-acetyl serotonin, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid; the quantity and type were found to vary based on the specific tissues analyzed. In addition to these compounds, varying levels of tryptamine were also seen. Upon addition of a 5-HT precursor and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 5-HT itself was detected. In similar experiments using X. bocki tissues, the 5-HT-related compounds found included 5-HT sulfate, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, as well as 5-HT and tryptamine. The sea urchin metabolizes 5-HT in a manner similar to both gastropod mollusks, as evidenced by the detection of γ-glutamyl-serotonin, and vertebrates, as indicated by the presence of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and N-acetyl serotonin. In contrast, 5-HT metabolism in X. bocki appears more similar to common protostome 5-HT catabolic pathways.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\turldate = {2021-07-27},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},\n\tauthor = {Squires, Leah N. and Rubakhin, Stanislav S. and Wadhams, Andinet Amare and Talbot, Kristen N. and Nakano, Hiroaki and Moroz, Leonid L. and Sweedler, Jonathan V.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {2647--2654},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  SUMMARY Serotonin (5-HT), an important molecule in metazoans, is involved in a range of biological processes including neurotransmission and neuromodulation. Both its creation and release are tightly regulated, as is its removal. Multiple neurochemical pathways are responsible for the catabolism of 5-HT and are phyla specific; therefore, by elucidating these catabolic pathways we glean greater understanding of the relationships and origins of various transmitter systems. Here, 5-HT catabolic pathways were studied in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Xenoturbella bocki, two organisms occupying distinct positions in deuterostomes. The 5-HT-related compounds detected in these organisms were compared with those reported in other phyla. In S. purpuratus, 5-HT-related metabolites include N-acetyl serotonin, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid; the quantity and type were found to vary based on the specific tissues analyzed. In addition to these compounds, varying levels of tryptamine were also seen. Upon addition of a 5-HT precursor and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 5-HT itself was detected. In similar experiments using X. bocki tissues, the 5-HT-related compounds found included 5-HT sulfate, γ-glutamyl-serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, as well as 5-HT and tryptamine. The sea urchin metabolizes 5-HT in a manner similar to both gastropod mollusks, as evidenced by the detection of γ-glutamyl-serotonin, and vertebrates, as indicated by the presence of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and N-acetyl serotonin. In contrast, 5-HT metabolism in X. bocki appears more similar to common protostome 5-HT catabolic pathways.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);